Football

name of the game
Football (from the English. Foot - foot, ball - a ball) - a team sport in which the goal is to get the ball into the opponent's legs or other parts of the body (except the hands) more times than the opposing team. Currently, the most popular and widespread sport in the world.
Full English name (English association football) was coined to distinguish the game from other varieties of "foot-ball", especially rugby (English rugby football). In the 1880s there was the abbreviated name of "soccer" (English soccer), which today has become widespread in a number of English-speaking countries (except England, where the fans consider it derogatory).
In other languages ​​the name of the game is:

or borrowing English words football, as in Russia - football in Portugal - port. futebol.
or translation of the word football, as in German it. Fußball, Greek - Greek. ποδόσφαιρο, Finland - Finnish. jalkapallo, Hebrew - IIA. כדורגל, Karelian - Karelian. jalgamiäččy and Circassian-Adyghe. lepeeu.
or a derivative of the word "kick", "leg", etc., as in Italian Italian. calcio, Croatian - horv.nogomet.

"Football" as the official international name of the game is used by FIFA and the IOC

GENERAL

History of Football

Games like modern football, there were quite a long time in different people, but the first written rules date back to 1848. The date of birth is 1863 football when it was first organized association football and written rules, similar to modern. Football history began long ago. For example, in Egypt, and in Germany, and China were the games like football. The most successful of them was called and came up with her ​​Garpastum Italians. But when there was a modern football, Garpastum forgotten. When the English invented football, they immediately began to popularize it in all countries, including Russia. At that time in the championship were many English teams. About football in Russia for the first time mentioned in the book of one of the doctors [who?] 'Game with the ball on the air. "

Стеклянный футбольный мяч — призза победу.

rules of the game

Individual football game is called a match which in turn consists of two periods of 45 minutes. Pause between the first and second half of 15 minutes, during which the team a rest, and at its end change ends.
Football is played on a field with grass or synthetic surface. The game involves two teams, each from 7 to 11. One person in the team (goalie) can play a hand in the penalty area at the gate, his main task is to protect the gate. The other players also have their tasks and positions on the field. Defenders are located mainly in their own half, their task - to counteract the offensive player of the opposing team. Midfielders are in the middle of the field, their role - to help the defenders or forwards depending on the game situation. Forwards are mostly half-field rival, the main task - to score goals.

The goal - to get the ball into the opponent's goal, to make it as a lot of times and try to prevent a goal in his own net. Match won by the team scoring the greater number of goals.

If during the two periods teams have scored the same number of goals, it is fixed or draw, or the winner is revealed according to the established rules match. In this case, it may be assigned to extra time - two halves of 15 minutes each. As a rule, between the ground and the extra time the match commands provide a break. Between the extra-time interval shall be confined to the time the teams to change sides. At one time there was a rule in football, in which the winner is the team scoring the first goal (rule "golden goal") or win at the end of any of the additional time (usually a "silver goal"). At the moment, the extra time or not played at all, or played in full (two halves of 15 minutes). If the extra time winner can not be identified, is a series of penalty kicks are not part of the match: on target enemy from a distance of 11 meters penetrated by five strokes different players. If the number of penalty goals from both teams will be equal, then make their way to a pair of penalties, and eventually isolate the winner.

Soccer world

According to the FIFA 2001 soccer on the planet has played about 250 million people. Of these, more than 20 million - are women. Registered about 1.5 million and 300,000 teams of professional clubs.

In the distribution of the countries in the first place the U.S. (about 18 million, of which 40% are women), followed by Indonesia (10 million), Mexico (7.4 million), China (7.2 million), Brazil (7000000) Germany (6.2 million), Bangladesh (5.2 million), Italy (4 million), Russia (3.8 million). However, the number of players of a country is not about the quality of football in different parts of the world. So, the football World Cup win only European and South American teams, and in Uruguay, which is a two-time winner of the FIFA World Cup, people live on less than in Russia registered players.

tactics
As the football team game, all put forward the understanding of players, the ability to conduct competent synergies. Key to this is the construction of tactical players. The most common tactical scheme in modern football is a game with four defenders, four midfielders and two strikers - 4-4-2. Schemes there are so many, but the concept of the scheme, as the concept of role players are relative. Depending on the skills of players, their responsibilities on the field can significantly exceed the role. So often on a plan coach midfielders, especially the extreme (and sometimes tsentralnye defenders) play the role of the attackers. In connection with the development of the theory of football players and universalization become anachronistic some well-known before the scheme (for example, the Brazilian attacking scheme "double-ve" or defense system with free counsel), and many football terms ("insider", "Liberia", and so n .).

FOOTBALL STRUCTURE

organization

There are a number of organizations involved in the control, management and dissemination of football. Basic is FIFA, based in Zurich, Switzerland. It organizes events worldwide, including the World Cup. Followed by continental organizations and across countries, regions and cities, and so each has responsibility for organizing the relevant football competitions, control over the activities of their member clubs, distribution and promotion of football in the region.

clubs

Football Club - basic cell of the entire football structure. It is the link between the players, staff and organizations. In essence, this football team, a member of one of the organizations that has some infrastructure and service staff.

COMPETITIONS

Football, as in any other sport - an important component of the game. Competition organized by the federation, for each tournament is regulation, which usually determine the composition of the participants, the tournament circuit, the rules for determining the winner with equal points, and any deviations from the rules, such as the number of substitutions. Competitions are divided into domestic and international, which are in turn divided into the club and national teams. Football tournaments collect tens of thousands of spectators at the stadium, and an audience of millions on television.

The most famous competitions are:

FIFA conducted:

National teams
World Cup
Confederations Cup
Olympics
Club
FIFA Club World Cup
Ongoing League:
National teams
European Championship
Club
UEFA Champions League
Europa League
Super Cup
CONMEBOL conducted:
National teams
America's Cup
Club
Copa Libertadores (CONMEBOL)
South American Cup (CONMEBOL)
CONCACAF conducted:
National teams
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Club
CONCACAF Champions League
See also
List of football tournaments
Championships
Cups

varieties of football
There are many varieties of football, mostly with few players, including: Futsal (AMF) and futsal (FIFA) - mini-football (played at a special coating), domestic football (played on any surface in the fields of any size in any of people), beach soccer (played in the sand), "river football" (in the water, an annual tournament in the English city Burton), "swamp soccer" (played on a swamp), football freestyle (is to implement all kinds of tricks and tricks), rashbol (played on the field, divided into zones goalie kick, attack, defense, and neutral), futdablbol (played with two balls).

There are also virtual and table football as a sport and football games on paper as a puzzle game.