Basketball

Basketball (born basket - basket, ball - a ball) - sports team ball game. In basketball played by two teams, each consisting of five players. The goal of each team - to throw the ball in his hands with a ring net (basket) opponent and prevent the other team to master the ball and throw it in your cart. Shopping cart is located at 3.05 meters from the floor (10 feet). From each team on the court is of 5 persons, only 12 people in the team, replacing unlimited. A goal from the near and middle distance, scored 2 points, from long (because of the three-point line) - 3 points. Free throw is estimated at one point. Standard razmerbasketbolnoy area 28 meters long and 15 meters wide. Basketball - one of the most popular sports in the world.

Basketball is an Olympic sport since 1936. The inventor of the game, James Naismith was there as a guest. Regular world championships men's basketball held since 1950, among women - since 1953, and the European Championships - in 1935.
In Europe, hosts international club competitions Euroleague ULEB, European Cup ULEB Cup Challenge.
Game reached its greatest development in the USA: Championship National Basketball Association (NBA) for over 50 years is the strongest national club competition in the world. Basketball is the national sport in Lithuania (see LBL).

HISTORY

Winter 1891 to college students of the Youth Christian Association of Springfield, Mass., forced to perform endless gymnastics, considered at the time one of the only means of educating young people to the sport, it was very boring to engage in physical education. Monotony of training needed to put an end, to bring them a fresh approach, which would be capable to meet the competitive requirements of the strong and healthy young people.

Exit the seemingly dead-end situation found college instructor James Naismith. December 1, 1891, he tied two baskets of peaches from the railing of the balcony and gym, sharing Eighteen students into two teams, invited them to a game, that meant that to throw more balls into the opponents' basket.

The idea of ​​the game he was born during his school years, when children played in an ancient game «duck-on-a-rock» («A duck on a rock"). The meaning of this popular game at the time was: tossing a small stone, it was necessary to hit them top of another stone, larger in size.

A pragmatic called "basketball" game only remotely resembled the modern basketball. Of the ball did not exist, players just threw it to each other, standing still, and then tried to throw in a basket, and only two hands from the bottom or from the chest, and after a successful throw one player takes on the oversight of the wall ladder and removed the ball from the basket . From a modern point of view of the teams would show us sluggish and inhibited, but to Dr. Naismith was to create a game is collective, which could involve a lot of time involved, and this problem is his invention meets in full.

In 1892, a physical education teacher at Smith College, Northampton (MA) Senda Berenson developed the first rules of women's basketball

RULES
Initially, the game of basketball have been formulated American James Naismith, and consisted of only 13 points. Over time, basketball changed, the changes required and the rules. The first international rules were adopted in 1932 at the first Congress of FIBA, after they repeatedly corrected and changed, recent major changes were made in 1998 and 2004. Since 2004, the rules of the game remain the same. The rules are somewhat different in the NBA and the championships, held under the auspices of FIBA ​​(World Championships, Olympic Games, Continental Championships, international and national championship European clubs).
In basketball played by two teams, usually with twelve men from each of them on the court at the same time there are five players. The goal of each team in basketball - throw the ball into the opponents' basket and to prevent the other team to master the ball and throw it to the basket for his team.
Just play ball with his hands. Run with the ball, do not hit them on the floor, deliberately beat on it with his foot to block any part of the leg or beat on it with his fist is a violation. Casually touching or touching the ball the foot or leg is not a violation.
The winner in basketball is a team that at the end of playing time scored more points. With a tie at the end of regular time appointed overtime (usually five minutes of extra time), if and after the bill will be equal, a second, a third overtime, and so on, as long as the winner will be revealed match.

For one hit the ball in the ring can be awarded different points:

1 point - throw from foul line

2 points - throw medium or short range (near the three-point line)

3 points - throw for the three-point line at a distance of 6m 75cm (7 m 24 cm in the National Basketball Association)

The game officially starts the jump ball at the center circle when the ball is legally tapped by a jumper. A match consists of four periods of ten minutes (twelve minutes in the National Basketball Association), with breaks of two minutes. The break between the second and third quarters of the game - fifteen minutes. After a long break the team shall exchange baskets.

The game can go on the open ground and in the hall with a minimum height of 7 m Field size - 28 × 15 m Shield size 180h105 cm from the bottom edge of the shield to the floor or ground shall be 290 cm Basket is a metal ring, covered with mesh without bottom. It is fixed at a distance of 0.15 m from the lower trim panel. Setting standards for men's FIBA ​​tournament round ball - 74,9-78 cm, weight - 567-650 g (for women respectively 72,4-73,7 cm and 510-567 g).

Violations

out - the ball goes outside the playing area;

jog - the player who controls the "live" ball, makes moving the feet beyond the limits set by the rules

violation of the ball, which includes Bringing the ball, double dribble;

3 seconds - attacking player is in the zone free throw line more than three seconds at a time when his team has the ball in the area of ​​the attack;

5 seconds - the player when the face-off will not part with the ball for five seconds;

8 seconds - the team with the ball from the end zone, did not lead him to the zone attack in eight seconds;

24 seconds - the team in possession of more than 24 seconds and made an accurate throw to the ring. The team is entitled to a new 24 momentary possession, if the ball is thrown in the ring and touched the bow ring. In the case of a foul or violation (except the ball out of bounds), the defending team or other stoppage of play, the offensive team shall be entitled to:

a new 24-second possession, when will throw in the end zone possession of the ball team;

the timing to continue from the same point, if only 14 seconds or more of tenure;

a new 14-second possession, when there are 13 seconds or less of ownership.

violation return the ball into the end zone (zone) - the team with the ball in the zone attack, moved him into the end zone.

• fouls
• Foul - this irregularity caused by personal contact or unsportsmanlike conduct. Types of fouls:
• personal;
• technical;
• unsportsmanlike;
• disqualifying.
• A player who receives 5 ​​fouls (6 fouls in the NBA) in a match must be removed from the game and can not compete in the game (but he is allowed to remain on the bench.) A player who receives a disqualifying foul shall leave the scene of the game (the player is not allowed to stay on the bench.)


HIGHLIGHTS OF GAMES


gestures judges
dribbling
transmission
selection
interception
blokshot
Of particular importance in modern basketball has a fight under the shield. The famous basketball commandment reads: "Whoever wins the shield - wins the match," and one of the basic statistics basketball game - whether it be a single game or an entire season - is the number of so-called rebounds and block shots.