Tennis

History of tennis

The history of modern tennis starts in the second half of the XIX century. That's when there was a game, while bearing the name "lawn tennis", which was the forerunner of a more ancient game in the premises. Wimbledon, the oldest surviving to the present, held since 1877, and the first competition of national teams, Davis Cup - dates back to 1900. Tennis is part of the modern Olympic Games since I Olympiad, held in 1896, but with more than half a century, which ended only in 1988. Initially tennis was officially an amateur sport, the first-professional players appeared in tennis in the 20 years of XX century, and since the late 1960s, began the so-called Open era, in which all the tournaments are open to both amateur and professionals and have been combined into a few large cycles ("rounds") managed by international organizatsiyI TF, ATP and WTA.

REAL-TENNIS

Direct predecessor of modern tennis is played indoors, to the end of the XIX century bearing the same name, and is now known as real tennis, tennis court ilizhe de pom (French jeu de paume, literally playing with his hand.) Jeu de pom, which could play as many as 12 people, appeared in the XI century, apparently, in the monasteries. Early on in the game, as in hand pelota, beat off the ball by hand, then appeared gloves, bats, and finally, in the XVI century, rackets and nets. At the same time, the peak popularity as de Poma, who played in French, English and Spanish kings of the time

One of the most famous tennis references in medieval literature is the episode in the historical chronicle Shakespeare's "Henry V», where the French Dauphin sends a mockery of the young English king keg tennis balls. At the same time sent a gift to Henry V tennis balls were first mentioned long before Shakespeare, in the continuation of the chronicle Geoffrey of Monmouth, "History of the Kings of Britain", dating from the first half is the XV century.

In the XVI century, virtually all the French kings played tennis tennis hall was equipped on the royal yacht Francis I, Henry II had built an indoor tennis court in the Louvre, and Charles IX in 1571, giving the Parisian tennis players and masters, manufacturing racket right nagildiyu , called tennis "one of the most noble, decent and healthy exercise, which can be engaged in princes, peers and others of the aristocracy." One of the favorite activities was tennis and for Henry VIII Tudor, who built the facilities for this game at Westminster and Hampton Court (the latter is used as directed, almost 500 years old). In addition to the monks and aristocrats and commoners attracted tennis: medieval university halls were built, and the townspeople were playing in the streets. By 1600 every major French city had several rooms, and in Paris, was more than 250 rooms and thousands of outdoor courts, and in 1604 was also made estimates that France could be twice the tennis halls than churches.

However, for most of its history, the game remained tennis elite. A small number of participants in the match and limited space for the audience did not allow him to become a truly national pastime, and within a hundred years, even in Paris, there were only ten rooms for tennis, all in poor condition. Tennis facilities are fit for other needs, including performances of theater companies and, according to the "Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia of the theater," it determined the future shape of the theater halls. One of the remaining rooms to a de Poma went down in history as a meeting place for members of the States General of the Third Estate, by order of the king is not made in the regular meeting room in 1789. MPs who have declared themselves the National Assembly, made a pledge to meet until the French constitution is adopted. However, with the development of modern tennis as de pom no longer exists. This sport was introduced to the Olympics in 1908, a hundred years later in the world, there were about five thousand of his fans, at some stage in the UK gave the game its name, the "real" or "king" of tennis, in order to distinguish it from the more common of the new game .

Invention Lawn Tennis

Invention Lawn Tennis At present it is not known who invented football, but the most common version, the founder of the game was Major Walter Wingfield. He invented a game to entertain guests at parties in his mansion in Wales, and in 1873 published the first rules of the game. The game received a combination of two names: "sferistika" (English sphairistike from Greek. Σφαιριστική, meaning the ball game) and "lawn tennis" (English lawn tennis, letters. Tennis for lawns). As a basis, he used contemporary tennis (in our real-time tennis). The game, designed by Wingfield, also shows the influence of gaining popularity in those days badminton. Thus, the initial height of the grid between the halves of the court was, in badminton, one and a half meters, and the bill came to 15 points in each game of the (history of changes in the rules described in Section evolution rules). As possible fathers of modern tennis are also referred to the British Thomas Henry Gem and Spaniard Auguro Perera, back in 1858 adapted the game rekets, a kind of tennis, for grass lawns on the outskirts of Birmingham, and in 1872 founded a club for fans of the new game in Leamington Spa. After the appearance of the game Wingfield Gem developed rules for their game, which he called pelota, Wilmington club gave this game the same name, which was of a game invented by Wingfield - "lawn tennis" ..